Pages

Tuesday, March 18, 2014

Library

 
View Text Low Bandwidth Version
Download Publication
EUROPE :: UKRAINE
PAGE LAST UPDATED ON MARCH 11, 2014
 
VIEW 31 PHOTOS OF 
UKRAINE
COLLAPSE ALL

Introduction ::UKRAINE


    s living there.

Geography ::UKRAINE

    Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
    49 00 N, 32 00 E
    Europe
    total: 603,550 sq km
    country comparison to the world: 46
    land: 579,330 sq km
    water: 24,220 sq km
    Area comparison map: 
    total: 4,566 km
    border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 940 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 176 km, Romania (southwest) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
    2,782 km
    territorial sea: 12 nm
    exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
    continental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation
    temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
    most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
    lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
    highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m
    iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
    arable land: 53.85%
    permanent crops: 1.48%
    other: 44.67% (2011)
    21,750 sq km (2010)
    139.6 cu km (2011)
    total: 19.24 cu km/yr (24%/69%/7%)
    per capita: 415.7 cu m/yr (2010)
    NA
    inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
    party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
    signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
    strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe

People and Society ::UKRAINE

    noun: Ukrainian(s)
    adjective: Ukrainian
    Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census)
    Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian (regional language) 24%, other (includes small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 9%
    note: 2012 legislation enables a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language," allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language
    Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, other 3.2% (2006 est.)
    44,291,413 (July 2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 32
    0-14 years: 14% (male 3,191,247/female 3,013,575)
    15-24 years: 11.5% (male 2,610,172/female 2,501,795)
    25-54 years: 45% (male 9,639,882/female 10,274,240)
    55-64 years: 15.9% (male 2,581,380/female 3,433,568)
    65 years and over: 15.6% (male 2,310,652/female 4,734,902) (2014 est.)
    population pyramid: 
    total dependency ratio: 41.9 %
    youth dependency ratio: 20.5 %
    elderly dependency ratio: 21.4 %
    potential support ratio: 4.7 (2013)
    total: 40.6 years
    male: 37.3 years
    female: 43.7 years (2014 est.)
    -0.64% (2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 226
    9.41 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 203
    15.72 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 2
    -0.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 113
    urban population: 68.9% of total population (2011)
    rate of urbanization: -0.26% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
    KYIV (capital) 2.779 million; Kharkiv 1.455 million; Dnipropetrovsk 1.013 million; Odesa 1.009 million; Donetsk 971,000 (2009)
    at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
    0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
    15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
    25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
    55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
    65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female
    total population: 0.85 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
    23.1
    note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2007 est.)
    32 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
    country comparison to the world: 122
    total: 8.1 deaths/1,000 live births
    country comparison to the world: 154
    male: 10.13 deaths/1,000 live births
    female: 5.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
    total population: 69.14 years
    country comparison to the world: 156
    male: 63.78 years
    female: 74.86 years (2014 est.)
    1.3 children born/woman (2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 215
    66.7% (2007)
    7.3% of GDP (2011)
    country comparison to the world: 77
    3.52 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
    8.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)
    improved:
    urban: 98.1% of population
    rural: 97.7% of population
    total: 98% of population
    unimproved: 
    urban: 1.9% of population
    rural: 2.3% of population
    total: 2% of population (2011 est.)
    improved:
    urban: 96.5% of population
    rural: 89.4% of population
    total: 94.3% of population
    unimproved: 
    urban: 3.5% of population
    rural: 10.6% of population
    total: 5.7% of population (2011 est.)
    0.9% (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 52
    230,500 (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 26
    18,100 (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 18
    21.3% (2008)
    country comparison to the world: 89
    0.9% (2002)
    country comparison to the world: 134
    6.2% of GDP (2011)
    country comparison to the world: 35
    definition: age 15 and over can read and write
    total population: 99.7%
    male: 99.8%
    female: 99.7% (2011 est.)
    total: 15 years
    male: 15 years
    female: 15 years (2012)
    total number: 356,213
    percentage: 7 % (2005 est.)
    total: 17.3%
    country comparison to the world: 72
    male: 18.1%
    female: 16.1% (2012)

Government ::UKRAINE

    conventional long form: none
    conventional short form: Ukraine
    local long form: none
    local short form: Ukrayina
    former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
    republic
    name: Kyiv (Kiev)
    note: pronounced KAY-yiv
    geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E
    time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
    daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
    24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr
    note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
    24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus), 1648 (establishment of Cossack Hetmanate)
    Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day
    several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996; amended 2004, 2010 (2010)
    civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
    has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
    18 years of age; universal
    chief of state: Acting President Oleksandr TURCHYNOV (since 23 February 2014)
    head of government: Acting Prime Minister Arseniy YATSENYUK (since 27 February 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister Vitaliy YAREMA, Deputy Prime Ministers Volodymyr HROYSMAN and Oleksandr SYCH (since 27 February 2014)
    cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the president
    (For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
    note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president
    elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 January 2010 with runoff on 7 February 2010 (next to be held in 25 May 2014); note - following the EuroMaidan revolution of February 2014, the presidential election was moved up to 25 May 2014
    election results: Viktor YANUKOVYCH elected president; percent of vote - Viktor YANUKOVYCH 48.9%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO 45.5%, other 5.6%
    unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 50% of seats allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 5% or more of the national electoral vote and 50% to members elected in single mandate districts; members serve five-year terms)
    elections: last held on 28 October 2012 (next to be held fall 2017)
    election results: percent of vote by party - Party of Regions 30%, Batkivshchyna 25.5%, UDAR 14%, CPU 13.2%, Svoboda 10.4%, other parties 6.9%; seats by party - Party of Regions 185, Batkivshchyna 101, UDAR 40, Svoboda 37, CPU 32, United Center 3, People's Party 2, Radical 1, Union 1, independents 43, vacant 5; composition as of mid-April 2013 - Party of Regions 207, Batkivshchyna 95, UDAR 42, Svoboda 36, CPU 32, independents 32, vacant 6
    highest court(s): Supreme Court of Ukraine (consists of 95 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, and administrative chambers, and a military panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices)
    judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Supreme Council of Justice or SCJ (a 20-member independent body of judicial officials and other appointees) and appointed by presidential decree; judges initially appointed for 5 years and, if approved by the SCJ, serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the SCU, and by the Verkhovna Rada; justices appointed for 9-year non-renewable terms
    subordinate courts: specialized high courts; Courts of Cassation; Courts of Appeal; regional, district, city, and town courts
    Batkivshchyna (All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]
    Communist Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]
    European Party of Ukraine [Mykola KATERYNCHUK]
    Front of Change [Arseniy YATSENYUK]
    Our Ukraine [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]
    Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]
    Party of Regions [Mykola AZAROV, chairman]
    Party of the Defenders of the Fatherland [Yuriy KARMAZIN]
    People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) [Borys TARASYUK]
    People's Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]
    Peoples' Self-Defense Party [Oleh NOVIKOV]
    Progressive Socialist Party [Natalya VITRENKO]
    Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO]
    Reforms and Order Party [Viktor PYNZENYK]
    Republican Party Sobor [Anatoliy MATVIYENKO]
    Social Democratic Party (United) or SDPU(o) [Yuriy ZAHORODNIY]
    Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ]
    Svoboda [Oleh TYAHNYBOK]
    Ukraine-Forward! [Natalia KOROLEVSKA]
    Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reforms or UDAR [Vitaliy KLYCHKO]
    Ukrainian People's Party [Yuriy KOSTENKO]
    Union [Lev MIRIMSKY]
    United Center [Viktor BALOHA]
    Viche [Inna BOHOSLOVSKA]
    Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Aleksandr CHERNENKO]
    OPORA [Olha AIVAZOVSKA]
    Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter although it participates in meetings), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
    chief of mission: Ambassador Oleksandr MOTSYK (since 24 June 2010)
    chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
    telephone: [1] (202) 349-2920
    FAX: [1] (202) 333-0817
    consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York, San Francisco
    chief of mission: Ambassador Geoffrey R. PYATT (since 30 July 2013)
    embassy: 4 Igor Sikorsky Street, 04112 Kyiv
    mailing address: 5850 Kyiv Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850
    telephone: [380] (44) 521-5000
    FAX: [380] (44) 521-5155
    two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grain fields under a blue sky
    trident (tryzub)
    name: "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina" (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished)
    lyrics/music: Paul CHUBYNSKYI/Mikhail VERBYTSKYI
    note: music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; the song was first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003

Economy ::UKRAINE

    After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. After a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cutoff to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia in January 2009 that brought gas prices to "world" levels. The strict terms of the contracts have further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving the legislative framework. Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president until mid-2008. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea.
    $337.4 billion (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 42
    $336.1 billion (2012 est.)
    $335.6 billion (2011 est.)
    note: data are in 2013 US dollars
    $175.5 billion (2013 est.)
    0.4% (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 188
    0.2% (2012 est.)
    5.2% (2011 est.)
    $7,400 (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 139
    $7,400 (2012 est.)
    $7,400 (2011 est.)
    note: data are in 2013 US dollars
    10.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 131
    10.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
    14.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
    household consumption: 72%
    government consumption: 18.6%
    investment in fixed capital: 17.8%
    investment in inventories: -1.1%
    exports of goods and services: 49.6%
    imports of goods and services: -56.9%
    (2013 est.)
    agriculture: 9.9%
    industry: 29.6%
    services: 60.5%
    (2013 est.)
    grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
    coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing
    -5% (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 190
    22.17 million (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 30
    agriculture: 5.6%
    industry: 26%
    services: 68.4%
    (2012)
    8% (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 89
    7.5% (2012 est.)
    note: officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers
    24.1% (2010)
    lowest 10%: 3.8%
    highest 10%: 22.5% (2011 est.)
    28.2 (2009)
    country comparison to the world: 121
    29 (1999)
    revenues: $57.4 billion
    expenditures: $66.5 billion
    note: this is the planned, consolidated budget (2013 est.)
    32.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 76
    -5.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 170
    40.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 88
    36.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
    note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)
    calendar year
    0.7% (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 16
    0.6% (2012 est.)
    7.5% (31 January 2012 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 19
    11.97% (31 December 2010 est.)
    16% (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 23
    18.39% (31 December 2012 est.)
    $39.94 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 54
    $40.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    $100.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 52
    $96.48 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    $130.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 49
    $129.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    $20.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 59
    $25.56 billion (31 December 2011)
    $39.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
    -$11.92 billion (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 181
    -$14.32 billion (2012 est.)
    $71.14 billion (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 48
    $70.24 billion (2012 est.)
    ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products
    Russia 25.6%, Turkey 5.4%, Egypt 4.2% (2012)
    $87.21 billion (2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 38
    $89.71 billion (2012 est.)
    energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals
    Russia 32.4%, China 9.3%, Germany 8%, Belarus 6%, Poland 4.2% (2012)
    $21.95 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 57
    $24.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    $138.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 40
    $136.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    $61.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 52
    $54.46 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    $8.604 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 59
    $8.104 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
    hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -
    8.2 (2013 est.)
    7.99 (2012 est.)
    7.94 (2010 est.)
    7.79 (2009)
    4.95 (2008)

Energy ::UKRAINE

Communications ::UKRAINE

    12.182 million (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 19
    59.344 million (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 22
    general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system
    domestic: at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is rising and the domestic trunk system is being improved; about one-third of Ukraine's networks are digital and a majority of regional centers now have digital switching stations; improvements in local networks and local exchanges continue to lag; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market which has reached 125 mobile phones per 100 people
    international: country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2010)
    Ukraine's state-controlled nationwide TV broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately owned TV networks provide basic TV coverage; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; Russian television broadcasts have a small audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern and southern regions; Ukraine's radio broadcast market, a mix of independent and state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)
    .ua
    2.173 million (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 37
    7.77 million (2009)
    country comparison to the world: 38

Transportation ::UKRAINE

    187 (2013)
    country comparison to the world: 31
    total: 108
    over 3,047 m: 13
    2,438 to 3,047 m: 42
    1,524 to 2,437 m: 22
    914 to 1,523 m: 3
    under 914 m: 28 (2013)
    total: 79
    1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
    914 to 1,523 m: 5
    under 914 m: 
    69 (2013)
    9 (2013)
    gas 36,720 km; oil 4,514 km; refined products 4,363 km (2013)
    total: 21,619 km
    country comparison to the world: 12
    broad gauge: 21,619 km 1.524-m gauge (10,242 km electrified) (2012)
    total: 169,694 km
    country comparison to the world: 29
    paved: 166,095 km (includes 17 km of expressways)
    unpaved: 3,599 km (2012)
    1,672 km (most on Dnieper River) (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 47
    total: 134
    country comparison to the world: 43
    by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 98, chemical tanker 1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, specialized tanker 2
    registered in other countries: 172 (Belize 6, Cambodia 35, Comoros 10, Cyprus 3, Dominica 1, Georgia 10, Liberia 10, Malta 29, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 14, Mongolia 1, Panama 8, Russia 12, Saint Kitts and Nevis 8, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12, Sierra Leone 5, Slovakia 2, unknown 5) (2010)
    major seaport(s): Feodosiya (Theodosia), Illichivsk, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Yuzhnyy

Military ::UKRAINE

Transnational Issues ::UKRAINE

    1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remains unratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete with preparations for demarcation underway; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops; the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
    stateless persons: 35,000 (2012); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship
    current situation: Ukraine is a source, transit, and, increasingly, destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Ukrainian victims are sex trafficked within Ukraine as well as in Russia, Poland, Iraq, Spain, Turkey, Cyprus, Seychelles, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, the United Arab Emirates, Montenegro, UK, and Tunisia; foreigners from Moldova, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Cameroon, and Azerbaijan are victims of labor trafficking in Ukraine; Ukrainian recruiters most often target Ukrainians from rural areas with limited job prospects by using fraud, coercion, and debt bondage
    tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Ukraine does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government reduced its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts in 2012; as a result of the dismantling of the specialized anti-trafficking police unit in 2011, the number of trafficking investigations, prosecutions, and convictions have decreased; fewer victims are identified and the national referral mechanism does not function effectively in many regions, resulting in few victims being granted victim status by the government; the government did not fund any anti-trafficking protection activities in 2012 and continues to rely on international donors to assist victims (2013)
    limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF
COLLAPSE ALL
 
GO TOP
Posted by